ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe o ka wiliwili arc manual - SMAW

Palekana Metal Arc Welding (pōkole me SMAW).ʻO ke kumu: ua hana ʻia kahi arc ma waena o ka electrode i uhi ʻia a me ka metala kumu, a me ke ʻano kuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela arc e hoʻoheheʻe i ka electrode a me ka metala kumu.ʻO ka papa waho o ka electrode ua uhi ʻia me ka welding flux a hoʻoheheʻe i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka wela, nona nā hana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke arc, hana i ka slag, deoxidizing, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.No ka mea e koi ana i nā mea hana maʻalahi a me ka hana maʻalahi, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka welds i hana ʻia e nā kūlana like ʻole a me nā hui like ʻole i ka lewa.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa.

Kiʻi 1: Palena Metal Arc Welding-hoʻohui

Hōʻike ʻia ka welding arc manual ma ke kiʻi:
Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, e hoʻopili i ka mea hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā kuʻi wili i nā pou ʻelua o ka mīkini wili uila a hoʻopaʻa i ke koʻokoʻo wili me nā kuʻi kuʻi.I ka wā o ka wili, ʻo ke koʻokoʻo welding a me ka mea hana e pili koke ana, e hana ana i kahi kaapuni pōkole, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi mamao (e pili ana i 2-4mm), a puhi ʻia ke arc.

Kiʻi 2: Palena Metal Arc Welding-kaʻina

Hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka mea hana ma lalo o ke arc e hana i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe semi-oval.Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka electrode coating, lilo kekahi hapa o ia i ke kinoea e hoʻopuni ana i ke arc e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka lewa, a laila e pale ai i ka metala wai mai ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen;lilo kekahi hapa o ia mea i hooheheeia, ai ole ia i kawili ia iloko o ka punawai hehee wale, a hehee me ke kumu.

I loko o ka pahu a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻololi ʻia ka metala wai, ka slag a me ke kinoea arc i kekahi mau hoʻololi kino a me kekahi me kekahi, e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kinoea i loko o ka metala wai a me ka hopena oxidation-reduction.E lana ana ke kinoea a me ka palapa i loko o ka loko i hooheheeia ma muli o kona kaumaha mama.Ke wehe ʻia ke arc, hāʻule ka mahana a paʻa ka metala a me ka slag kekahi ma hope o kekahi.Ma kēia ʻano, ua hui ʻia nā ʻāpana metala ʻelua e ka metala weld i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a crystallized.No ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka emi ʻana o ka ʻōpala mai ka metala, e paheʻe ʻo ia ma luna o ka pūpū a me ka palena metala, a hāʻule koke ka ʻōpala, a hāʻule paha ma hope o ke kīkēkē ʻana, a me ka weld weld hili me nā unahi iʻa. hiki ke hoikeia.

ʻO ka mea hana nui o ka manual arc welding he mīkini wili uila.ʻO ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe uila he kumu mana ia e hoʻohua ai i ka arc wili, a ʻelua ʻano AC a me DC.I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻano mīkini wili uila i hana ʻia ma Kina, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mīkini wili uila AC a me nā mīkini wili uila DC e like me ko lākou ʻano.

ʻElua mau ala pili like ʻole no nā mīkini wiliwili DC.Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka electrode i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana i ka electrode maikaʻi, ʻo ia ke ʻano pili pili;ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ke ʻano hoʻohui hope.ʻO ka maʻamau, i ka wā e wili ai me ka alkaline low-hydrogen electrode (e like meE7018, E7016), i mea e ho'ā mau ai ke arc, ua kauoha ʻia e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻohui DC reverse;i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka electrode acid (e like meE6013, J422) e weld i nā papa kila mānoanoa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano pili i mua, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻāpana anode ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma mua o ka ʻāpana cathode, a hiki i ke ala hoʻohui mua ke loaʻa i kahi hohonu komo nui;i ka wā e wiliwili ai i nā pā kila lahilahi a me nā metala non-ferrous, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohui hope.I ka wā e kuʻi ai me ka alternating au, no ka mea, hoʻololi ka polarity alternately, ʻaʻohe pono e koho i ka pilina polarity.
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka wili lima lima he koʻokoʻo wili uila, aia i loko o ke kila kila a me kahi uhi ma waho o ke kumu kila (E nānā pū kekahi.ʻO ke ʻano o ka electrode welding).

Welding core
ʻO ke kuleana o ke kumu kila (welding core) ka mea nui e alakaʻi i ka uila a hana i kahi metala i waiho ʻia me kahi ʻano hana ma ka hopena o ka electrode.Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kumu wiliwili i nā kila like ʻole.Hoʻopili pololei ke ʻano o ka welding core i ka haku mele a me ka hana o ka metala i waiho ʻia.No laila, pono ka welding core e hōʻemi i ka ʻike o nā mea ʻino.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā S a me P, ua koi kekahi mau koʻokoʻo wili i ke kumu kuʻi e hoʻomalu iā As, Sb, Sn a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Kiʻi 3: Tianqiao welding electrode E6013

ʻaʻahu Flux
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka hoʻopili electrode i ka pena.ʻO ke kumu nui o ka uhi ʻana iā ia ma ke kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana kuʻi ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka metala i waiho ʻia i kekahi ʻano a me ka hana.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana electrode me nā haneli o nā pauka maka e like me nā oxides, carbonates, silicates, organics, fluorides, ferroalloys a me nā huahana kemika e like me kekahi ratio formula.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano mea maka i nā ʻāpana aʻe e like me kā lākou kuleana i ka uhi electrode:

1. Hoʻoikaika ka Stabilizer i ka electrode e maʻalahi e hoʻomaka i ke arc a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ʻā ʻana o ke arc i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ke arc kekahi mea maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui o nā metala alkali a me nā metala honua alkaline, e like me ka potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, marble, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2. Hiki i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kekahi mau mea kino a me nā mea kemika i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e pale ana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka weld.

3. ʻO Deoxidizer ma o ka hopena kemika metallurgical i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe e hōʻemi i ka ʻike o ka oxygen i loko o ka weld metala a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka weld.ʻO nā deoxidizers nui he ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, a me ferro-titanium.

4. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻokuʻu i ke kinoea ma lalo o ka hana o ka arc kiʻekiʻe wela e pale i ke arc a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe a pale i ke komo ʻana o ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen i ka ea a puni.

5. Alloying agent Hoʻohana ʻia ia e uku no ka puhi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui i ka weld i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka metala weld i ka haku mele a me ka hana pono.

6. Plasticizing Lubricant E hoʻonui i ka plasticity, slippage a me ka wai o ka pauka i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopaʻa koʻokoʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ke kaomi ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo a hoʻemi i ka eccentricity.

7. Adhesives E hana i ka pauka hoʻopili i kekahi viscosity i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa me ke kumu kuʻi, a hana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo i kekahi ikaika ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana.

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