ʻO ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā electrodes tungsten no GTAW he mea nui ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena a pale i ka hoʻohaumia a me ka hana hou.Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi
ʻO Tungsten kahi mea metala loa i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā electrodes tungsten arc welding (GTAW).Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kaʻina hana GTAW i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe o ka tungsten e hoʻoneʻe i ke au kuʻi i ke arc.ʻO ka helu heheʻe o ka tungsten ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā metala āpau, ma 3,410 degere Celsius.
Hele mai kēia mau electrodes non-consumable i nā ʻano nui a me nā lōʻihi, a ua haku ʻia me ka tungsten maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui o ka tungsten a me nā mea ʻokoʻa honua a me nā oxides.ʻO ke koho o ka electrode no GTAW e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka mānoanoa o ka substrate, a inā paha e hoʻohana ʻia ka alternating current (AC) a i ʻole ke au pololei (DC) no ka wili.ʻO wai o nā mea hoʻomākaukau hope ʻekolu āu e koho ai, spherical, pointed, a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻia, he mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena a me ka pale ʻana i ka haumia a me ka hana hou.
Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia electrode e hoʻopau i ka huikau e pili ana i kona ʻano.ʻIke ʻia ke kala ma ka piko o ka electrode.
Loaʻa i nā electrodes tungsten maʻemaʻe (AWS classification EWP) he 99.50% tungsten, nona ka helu hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe loa o nā electrodes āpau, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā electrodes alloy.
Hoʻokumu kēia mau electrodes i ka piko spherical maʻemaʻe ke hoʻomehana ʻia a hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa arc maikaʻi loa no ka wili AC me nā nalu kaulike.Hāʻawi pū ka tungsten maʻemaʻe i ke kūpaʻa arc maikaʻi no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hawewe sine AC, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka alumini a me ka magnesium.ʻAʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka kuʻi ʻana o DC no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaka arc ikaika e pili ana me thorium a i ʻole cerium electrodes.ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka tungsten maʻemaʻe ma nā mīkini hoʻohuli;no nā hopena maikaʻi loa, e hoʻohana i nā electrodes cerium a i ʻole lanthanide.
Thorium tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWTh-1 a me EWTh-2) loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 97.30% tungsten a me 0.8% i 2.20% thorium.ʻElua ʻano: EWTh-1 a me EWTh-2, loaʻa iā 1% a me 2%, kēlā me kēia.ʻO kēlā me kēia.Hoʻohana maʻamau lākou i nā electrodes a makemake ʻia no ko lākou ola lawelawe lōʻihi a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana.Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Thorium i ka maikaʻi o ka electron emission o ka electrode, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke arc a ʻae i ka hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa.Ke holo nei ka electrode ma lalo o kona wela hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, kahi e hoʻemi nui ai i ka helu hoʻohana a hoʻopau i ka arc drift, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā electrodes ʻē aʻe, waiho ʻia nā electrodes thorium i ka tungsten i loko o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no laila ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka pollution weld.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau electrodes no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i ka electrode negative (DCEN) o ke kila kalapona, ke kila kila, ka nickel a me ka titanium, a me kekahi hoʻoheheʻe AC kūikawā (e like me nā noi alumini lahilahi).
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻopuehu ʻia ka thorium i loko o ka electrode, e kōkua ana i ka tungsten e mālama i kona mau kihi ʻoi ma hope o ka wili ʻana-ʻo ia ke ʻano electrode kūpono no ka wili ʻana i ke kila lahilahi.'Ōlelo Aʻo: He radioactive ʻo Thorium, no laila pono ʻoe e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka mea hana, nā ʻōlelo aʻo a me ka pepa ʻikepili palekana waiwai (MSDS) i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.
Cerium tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWCe-2) loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 97.30% tungsten a me 1.80% i 2.20% cerium, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo 2% cerium.Hana maikaʻi kēia mau electrodes i ka hoʻoheheʻe DC ma nā hoʻonohonoho haʻahaʻa o kēia manawa, akā hiki ke hoʻohana akamai i nā kaʻina AC.Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna arc maikaʻi ma ka amperage haʻahaʻa, kaulana ka cerium tungsten i nā noi e like me ka paipu kaʻa a me ka hana paipu, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka metala, a me ka hana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a pololei.E like me ka thorium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka wili ʻana i ke kila kalapona, ke kila kila, nā nickel alloys a me ka titanium.I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i 2% thorium electrodes.ʻOkoʻa iki nā waiwai uila o ka cerium tungsten a me ka thorium, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā welders ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou.
ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi electrode cerium amperage kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, ʻo ka amperage kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoneʻe i ka oxide e neʻe koke i ka wela wela, e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻike o ka oxide a hōʻole i nā pono hana.
E hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kiko a/a i ʻoki ʻia (no nā ʻano tungsten maʻemaʻe, cerium, lanthanum a me thorium) no nā kaʻina hana wili AC a me DC.
Lanthanum tungsten electrodes (AWS classifications EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 a me EWLa-2) loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 97.30% tungsten a me 0.8% i 2.20% lanthanum a lanthanum, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 a me EWLa-2 Lanthanum Department o na mea.Loaʻa i kēia mau electrodes ka mana hoʻomaka arc maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpaʻa arc maikaʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona reignition maikaʻi loa-he nui nā pono like me nā electrodes cerium.Loaʻa i nā electrodes Lanthanide nā waiwai conductive o 2% thorium tungsten.I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka lanthanum-tungsten ke hoʻololi i ka thorium-tungsten me ka ʻole o nā loli nui i ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka mana welding, ʻo ka lanthanum tungsten electrode ke koho kūpono.Ua kūpono lākou no AC a i ʻole DCEN me ka tip, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka lako mana hawewe sine AC.Hiki i ka Lanthanum a me ka tungsten ke mālama maikaʻi i ka piko ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kila a me ke kila kila ma DC a i ʻole AC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hawewe square.
ʻAʻole like me ka thorium tungsten, kūpono kēia mau electrodes no ka hoʻoheheʻe AC a, e like me nā electrodes cerium, e ʻae i ka arc e hoʻomaka a mālama ʻia ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka tungsten maʻemaʻe, no ka nui electrode i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lanthanum oxide e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i kēia manawa ma kahi o 50%.
Aia ka zirconium tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWZr-1) ma kahi o 99.10% tungsten a me 0.15% a 0.40% zirconium.Hiki i ka zirconium tungsten electrode ke hana i kahi arc kūpaʻa loa a pale i ka tungsten spatter.He koho maikaʻi loa ia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o AC no ka mea e paʻa ana i ka piko spherical a loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa contamination kiʻekiʻe.Ua like a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hiki i kēia manawa ma mua o ka thorium tungsten.ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka zirconium no ka hoʻoheheʻe DC ma lalo o nā kūlana.
ʻO ka tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWG) i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui honua oxide ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā oxides like ʻole, akā pono ka mea hana e hōʻike i kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohui a me kāna pakeneka ma ka pā.Ma muli o ka mea hoʻohui, hiki i nā hopena i makemake ʻia ke hoʻokumu i kahi arc paʻa i ka wā AC a me DC kaʻina hana, ke ola lōʻihi ma mua o ka thorium tungsten, ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā electrodes liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka hana like, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes o ka nui like ʻO kēia manawa. a emi iho ka tungsten spatter.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano electrode, ʻo ka hana aʻe ke koho i ka hoʻomākaukau hopena.ʻO nā koho ʻekolu he spherical, kuhikuhi a ʻoki ʻia.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka piko spherical no ka tungsten maʻemaʻe a me ka zirconium electrodes a ua ʻōlelo ʻia no nā kaʻina AC ma ka hawewe sine a me nā mīkini kuʻuna hawewe GTAW.No ka hoʻopololei pololei ʻana i ka hopena o ka tungsten, e hoʻopili wale i ka mana AC i ʻōlelo ʻia no kahi anawaena electrode i hāʻawi ʻia (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 1), a e hana ʻia kahi pōpō ma ka hopena o ka electrode.
ʻAʻole pono ke anawaena o ka hopena spherical ma mua o 1.5 mau manawa o ke anawaena o ka electrode (no ka laʻana, he 1/8-inch electrode e hana i ka hopena 3/16-inihi).ʻO kahi pōʻai nui ma ka piko o ka electrode e hōʻemi i ka paʻa o ke arc.Hiki ke hāʻule a hoʻohaumia i ka weld.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a/a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ʻoki ʻia (no ka tungsten maʻemaʻe, ka cerium, ka lanthanum a me nā ʻano thorium) i nā kaʻina hana wili AC a me DC.
No ka wili pono ʻana i ka tungsten, e hoʻohana i ka huila wili i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no ka wili ʻana i ka tungsten (e pale i ka haumia) a me ka huila wili i hana ʻia me ka borax a i ʻole ke daimana (e pale i ka paʻakikī o ka tungsten).Nānā: Inā ʻoe e wili ana i ka thorium tungsten, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomalu a hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo;ʻo ka hale wili ʻana he ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kūpono;a hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka mea hana, nā ʻōlelo a me MSDS.
E wili pololei i ka tungsten ma ka huila ma kahi kihi 90 degere (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kaha wili ma ka lōʻihi o ka electrode.ʻO ka hana ʻana pēlā hiki ke hōʻemi i ka noho ʻana o nā kualono ma luna o ka tungsten, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia paha i loko o ka wai weld, e hopena i ka haumia.
ʻO ka maʻamau, makemake ʻoe e wili i ka taper ma ka tungsten i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 mau manawa o ke anawaena electrode (no ka laʻana, no ka electrode 1/8-inch, ʻo ka ʻili honua he 1/4 a 5/16 iniha ka lōʻihi).ʻO ka wili ʻana i ka tungsten i loko o kahi cone hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke arc, a hana i kahi arc i ʻoi aku ka nui, i mea e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi o ka hana kuʻi.
I ka wā e wili ai i nā mea lahilahi (0.005 a 0.040 iniha) i ka manawa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana i ka tungsten i kahi kiko.Hiki i ka piko ke hoʻouna ʻia i ke au kuʻi ʻana i ke arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka deformation o nā metala lahilahi e like me ka alumini.ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka tungsten kikoʻī no nā noi kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa no ka mea e puhi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke au i ka piko o ka tungsten a hoʻopōʻino i ka wai weld.
No nā noi kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana i ka piko i ʻoki ʻia.No ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano, hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ka tungsten i ka taper i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 0.010 a 0.030 iniha.ʻĀina palahalaha ma ka hope o ka tungsten.Kōkua kēia ʻāina palahalaha i ka pale ʻana i ka tungsten mai ka neʻe ʻana ma o ke arc.Kāohi pū ia i ka hana ʻana o nā pōlele.
ʻO WELDER, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo Practical Welding Today, hōʻike i ka poʻe maoli e hana nei i nā huahana a mākou e hoʻohana ai a hana i kēlā me kēia lā.Ua lawelawe kēia nūpepa i ke kaiāulu wiliwili ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau no nā makahiki he 20.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-23-2021