He aha ke arc welding?

ʻO ka welding arc electrode ka mea hoʻohana nui loa i ka hana wili i ka hana ʻoihana.ʻO ka metala e hoʻopili ʻia he pole hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka electrode ka pou ʻē aʻe.Ke pili nā pou ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi arc.Hoʻohana ʻia ka wela i hana ʻia e ka arc discharge (i ʻike ʻia ʻo arc combustion) e hoʻohui i ka electrode me nā mea hana e hoʻoheheʻe kekahi i kekahi a hana i kahi weld ma hope o ka condensing, i loaʻa ai kahi kaʻina hana kuʻi me kahi hui ikaika.

Kiʻi 1. Moʻolelo o ka wiliwili

Moʻolelo pōkole

Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua he nui i ka 19 century, ua loaʻa mua i kahi kanaka Pelekania ʻo Willard ka palapala hōʻailona no ka welding arc i ka makahiki 1865. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke au uila e hele i ʻelua mau ʻāpana hao liʻiliʻi e hoʻohui maikaʻi iā lākou, a ma kahi o iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope mai, he Lūkini. Ua loaʻa i ka inoa ʻo Bernard kahi palapala hōʻailona no kahi kaʻina hana wili arc.Ua mālama ʻo ia i kahi arc ma waena o ka pou kalapona a me nā mea hana.I ka hoʻohana lima ʻia ʻana o ke arc ma o ka hui ʻana o nā mea hana, ua hui pū ʻia nā mea hana e wili ʻia.I ka makahiki 1890, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka metala paʻa ma ke ʻano he electrode, i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe a lilo i ʻāpana o ka metala weld.Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen i ka lewa i nā oxides a me nā nitrides ʻino i loko o ka metala weld., No laila ke alakaʻi nei i ka maikaʻi wiliwili maikaʻi ʻole.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻike ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka pale ʻana i ke arc e pale i ka infiltration ea, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela arc e decompose i ka uhi i loko o ka electrode o ka pale kinoea pale i lilo i ala maikaʻi loa.I ka waena o 1920s, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka electrode coated, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka maikaʻi o ka metala welded.I ka manawa like, ʻo ia paha ka hoʻololi koʻikoʻi o ka kuʻihao arc.ʻO nā mea hana nui i loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe e pili ana i ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe uila, nā kuʻi wili a me ka pale maka.

 Kiʻi 2. Kumu o ka wiliwili

Kumukānāwai

Hoʻohana ʻia ka arc welding e ke kumu mana wili.Ma lalo o ka hana o kekahi volta, hiki mai kahi hanana hoʻokuʻu ikaika a lōʻihi ma waena o ka electrode (a me ka hopena o ka uea welding a i ʻole ke koʻokoʻo welding) a me ka mea hana.ʻO ke kumu o ka welding arc ʻo ke kinoea conduction, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kinoea kūʻokoʻa i loko o ke ākea kahi i loaʻa ai ka arc i decomposed i nā ion maikaʻi i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia a me nā electrons i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ma lalo o ka hana o kekahi volta, i kapa ʻia ka ionization.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua i kau ʻia i nā pou ʻelua.ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe kuhikuhi ʻana e hana ke kinoea kūloko i ka uila e hana i kahi arc.Hoʻololi ke arc uila i ka ikehu uila i wela, kahi e wela ai a hoʻoheheʻe i ka metala e hana i kahi hui welded.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka arc e "ignite", hiki i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho ke hana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pono ai e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ia kahi hanana hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī.A ʻo ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu ʻana he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, kiʻekiʻe ka wela a me ka luminescence ikaika.Me kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu uila i ka wela, ka mīkini a me ka ikehu māmā.Hoʻohana nui ka welding i kona ikehu wela a me ka mechanical e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā metala.

I ka wā o ka wiliwili, ʻaʻā ke arc ma waena o ke koʻokoʻo welding a me nā mea hana kuʻi, hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea hana a me ke kumu electrode e hana i kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe.I ka manawa like, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka uhi electrode, a loaʻa kahi hopena kemika e hana i ka slag a me ke kinoea, ka mea e pale ai i ka hopena o ka electrode, droplets, molten pool a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela weld metala.

Hoʻokaʻawale nui

ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe arc maʻamau ʻo ia ka Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Weld (GTAW a i ʻole TIG welding), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) a me Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW，MIG a i ʻole MAG welding. ) etc.

Kiʻi 3. E7018 welding electrode

Kuʻi ʻia ʻana o nā mea hao metala pale pale (SMAW)

Hoʻohana ʻia ka wiliwili metala pale i ka electrode a me ka mea hana ma ke ʻano he ʻelua electrodes, a hoʻohana ʻia ka wela a me ka ikaika o ka puhi ʻana e hoʻoheheʻe i ka mea hana i ka wā wili.I ka manawa like, ma lalo o ka hana o ka wela arc, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hopena o ka electrode e hana i kahi droplet, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea hana e hana i kahi lua oval i piha i ka metala wai.ʻO ka metala wai hoʻoheheʻe a me ka kulu o ka mea hana hana i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, ʻo ka uhi a me ka non-metal nā inclusions e hoʻoheheʻe kekahi i kekahi a hana i kahi mea non-metallic e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka weld ma o nā hoʻololi kemika i kapa ʻia he slag.I ka neʻe ʻana o ke arc, maʻalili a paʻa ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i kahi weld.Loaʻa iā mākou nā electrode welding like ʻole no SMAW, nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loaE6010, E6011, E6013, E7016, E7018, a no kakila kohu ʻole, hao hao, paʻakikī i lunaetc.

 Kiʻi 4. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke arc submerged

Kuʻi ʻia ʻana i loko o ke awāwa (SAW)

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke arc submerged he ala ia e ʻā ai ke arc ma lalo o ka papa flux no ka wili.ʻO ka electrode metala i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka arc submerged he uea ʻole i hānai ʻia i loko me ka ʻole o ke keakea.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kahi trolley welding a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana mechanical a me nā uila e ʻike ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka arc i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.ʻO ke arc o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ke arc e ʻā ana ma lalo o ka flux granular.Hoʻoheheʻe ka wela o ka arc a hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana i hana pololei ʻia e ke arc o ka mea hana, ka hopena o ka uea kuʻi a me ka flux, a e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mahu o ka metala a me ka flux e hana i kahi pani pani a puni ka arc.Puhi i loko o kēia lua.Hoʻopuni ʻia ka lua e kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i haku ʻia me ka slag i hana ʻia e ka flux melting.ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi kēia kiʻi slag i ka ea mai ka hoʻopili ʻana me ke arc a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā pale pū nō hoʻi i ke arc mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i waho.Hāʻule ka uea kuʻi ʻana i wela a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ke arc ma ke ʻano o nā droplets a hui pū me ka mea hana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.E lana ana ka ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka metala wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻōpala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka metala wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, a laila e hoʻopili ai i ke ʻano kemika o ka metala weld.Ke neʻe nei ke arc i mua, a maʻalili mālie ka metala wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i kahi weld.Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōpala pala e hoʻomau i ka pale ʻana i ka weld i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a pale i ka oxidized.Hāʻawi mākou i ka flux no SAW,SJ101,SJ301,SJ302

Kiʻi 5. Gas Tungsten Arc Weld-TIG

Gas ʻO Tungsten Arc Weld/Tungsten Inert Gas Weld (GTAW a i ʻole TIG)

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe TIG e pili ana i kahi ala wili arc e hoʻohana ana i ka tungsten a i ʻole tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma ke ʻano he electrode a me argon ma ke ʻano he kinoea pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo TIG welding a i ʻole GTAW welding.I ka wā welding, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka metala hoʻopiha a ʻaʻole hoʻohui ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka weld a me ka hana o ka weld metala.Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka metala hoʻopiha mai ke alo o ke arc.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka alumini-magnesium a me kāna mau mea hoʻohuihui, koi ʻia ke kuʻi ʻana o AC tungsten arc no ka wili, a hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DC tungsten arc welding no nā mea metala ʻē aʻe.I mea e hoʻomalu ai i ka hoʻokomo wela, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pulsed argon tungsten arc welding.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā wili welding TIGAWS ER70S-6, ER80S-G,ER4043,ER5356,HS221a pela aku.

 Kiʻi 5. Plasma Arc Welding

Kuʻi ʻana o Plasma Arc (PAW)

ʻO Plasma arc kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka arc.ʻO ke arc kekahi tungsten a i ʻole tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e like me ke arc electrode, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka argon e like me ke kinoea pale, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka electrode tungsten mai ka nozzle, akā hoʻihoʻi i loko o ka nozzle, ka nozzle. ʻo ka wai hoʻoluʻu wai, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he nozzle hoʻoluʻu wai.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kinoea inert i ʻelua ʻāpana, hoʻokahi ʻāpana ke kinoea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma waena o ka electrode tungsten a me ka nozzle hoʻoheheʻe wai, i kapa ʻia ke kinoea ion;ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ke kinoea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma waena o ka nozzle hoʻoluʻu wai a me ka puʻu kinoea pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo Shielding gas, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plasma arc ma ke ʻano he kumu wela no ka wili, ʻokiʻoki, hoʻopuʻi, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, etc.

 Helu 5 Metala-Inert Gas Weld

Kuʻi ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea inert metala (MIG)

ʻO ka wiliwili MIG, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻololi ai ka uea wili i ka electrode tungsten.ʻO ke kaula welding pono'ī kekahi o nā pou o ka arc, e pāʻani ana i ka hana o ka conduction uila a me ka arcing, a i ka manawa like me ka mea hoʻopihapiha, e hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻia a hoʻopiha ʻia i loko o ka weld ma lalo o ka hana o ka arc.ʻO ke kinoea pale i hoʻohana mau ʻia a puni ka arc hiki ke lilo i ke kinoea inert Ar, ke kinoea hoʻoikaika CO₂, a i ʻole ka Ar+CO₂kinoea huikau.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo MIG welding e hoʻohana ana iā Ar ma ke ʻano he kinoea pale;MIG welding e hoʻohana ana i ka CO₂ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia ke kinoea pale CO₂wiliwili.ʻO ka MIG kaulana loaAWS ER70S-6, ER80S-G.

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