ʻO SMAW, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka electrode arc welding, he ʻano hoʻoheheʻe fusion kahi i hoʻoulu ʻia ai ke arc e ka electrode a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana kuʻihao e ka wela arc.ʻO ia ke ʻano hoʻohana nui a maʻamau i kēia manawa.
ʻO Arc he mea hoʻoheheʻe ea.ʻO ka welding arc kahi mea hoʻokuʻu ikaika a hoʻomau i hana ʻia i loko o ke kinoea ma waena o ka electrode a me ka mea hana.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi, pili ka electrode a me ka weldment i nā electrodes ʻelua o ke kumu mana welding.Ke hoʻopili ke kumu welding o ka electrode i ka ʻili o ka weldment, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kaapuni, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi manawa pōkole nui i ka manawa like.No ka mea, aia kekahi kū'ē i ka pilina, e like me Q=I2Rt, e hana ʻia ka nui o ka wela ma laila, a e wela koke ka wela a hoʻoheheʻe i ka pilina.Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka electrode e 2 ~ 4mm, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kinoea ma waena o ka electrode a me ka weldment, e hana ana i nā electrons conductive a me nā ion maikaʻi.Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua uila, neʻe nā electrons i ka anode, a neʻe nā ion maikaʻi i ka cathode.Kūleʻa lākou a hui hou, hoʻololi i ka ikehu kinetic i ka ikehu wela, a laila e hoʻoulu ai i ka mālamalama ikaika a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a hana i kahi arc ma waena o ka hopena o ka electrode a me ka weldment.
Hoʻoheheʻe ka arc i ka hopena o ka electrode a me ka weldment pili i ka manawa like.Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka metala weld e hana i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, a hoʻoheheʻe ka metala electrode e hana i kahi droplet.Hoʻokomo nā droplets i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka hana o ka umekaumaha a me ka puhi ʻana i ka arc, hoʻohui me ka metala o ka weldment, a hana i kahi weld ma hope o ka paʻa.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻoheheʻe ka uhi e hana i ka slag a hana ʻia ka nui o ke kinoea, kahi e pale ai a mālama pono i ka metala wai hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO ka arc welding he ʻekolu ʻāpana: ka wahi cathode, ka ʻāpana anode a me ka ʻāpana kolamu arc.ʻO ka'āpana cathode e hoʻokuʻu i nā electrons, a he haʻahaʻa ka mahana, ma kahi o 2400K;ʻae ka wahi anode i nā electrons, a he kiʻekiʻe ka mahana, ma kahi o 2600K;ʻO ka wela waena o ka ʻāpana kolamu arc ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, ma kahi o 6000 ~ 8000K.
I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu mana hoʻoheheʻe DC arc (e like me ka arc welding rectifier) no ka wili ʻana, ʻelua mau ala pili: pili maikaʻi a me ka pili hope.ʻO ka pilina maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka electrode i pili i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a pili ka mea hana i ka electrode maikaʻi.Ma muli o ka ʻae ʻana o ka electrode maikaʻi i nā electrons a hoʻonui i ka wela, ua maʻalahi ke komo ʻana i ka weldment, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano pili no ka wili ʻana i nā mea hana mānoanoa.ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka electrode i hoʻopili ʻia i ka electrode maikaʻi a pili ka mea hana i ka electrode ʻino.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela i hana ʻia e nā electron i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka weldment e puhi, no laila e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano pili no ka wiliwili ʻana i nā mea hana lahilahi.
ʻO ka wela i hana ʻia e ka arc welding e like me ka huahana o ka volta arc a me ke au kuʻi (ie, Q=IUt).ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka volta ma waena o ka weldment a me ka electrode i ka wā e puhi mau ʻia ai ke arc i kapa ʻia ʻo ka volta arc, a ʻo ka volta arc ma ke ʻano o 20 ~ 35V.Ma muli o ka loli liʻiliʻi o ka volta arc, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ka wela arc ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke au kuʻi i ka hana.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-30-2022 