ʻO ka weldability o nā mea metala e pili ana i ka hiki i nā mea metala ke loaʻa i nā hui kuʻi maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau kaʻina welding, me nā ʻano welding, nā mea welding, nā kikoʻī welding a me nā ʻano hoʻolālā welding.Inā hiki i kahi metala ke loaʻa i nā hui kuʻihao maikaʻi loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana wiliwili maʻamau a maʻalahi, manaʻo ʻia he hana kuʻihao maikaʻi.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka weldability o nā mea metala i ʻelua mau ʻano: ka weldability kaʻina a me ka weldability noi.
Kaʻina hana weldability: pili i ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka maikaʻi a me ke kīnā ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana kaʻina hana.ʻAʻole ia he waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka metala, akā loiloi ʻia ma muli o kekahi ʻano kuʻi ʻana a me nā ana kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia.No laila, pili loa ka weldability o nā mea metala i ke kaʻina hana.
Hana weldability: pili i ka pae o ka hui welded a i ʻole ka hale holoʻokoʻa e hoʻokō i ka hana lawelawe i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā kūlana ʻenehana huahana.ʻO ka hana e pili ana i nā kūlana hana o ka hale welded a me nā koi ʻenehana i waiho ʻia i ka hoʻolālā.ʻO ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokomo i nā waiwai mechanical, haʻahaʻa wela toughness kū'ē, brittle fracture kū'ē, kiʻekiʻe wela kolo, luhi waiwai, ka ikaika mau, corrosion kū'ē a me ka lole pale, etc. a me 09MnNiDR nā kila wela haʻahaʻa maikaʻi hoʻi i ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka hana kuʻi ʻana o nā mea metala
1.Material kumu
Loaʻa nā mea metala kumu a me nā mea wili.Ma lalo o nā kūlana welding like, ʻo nā kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka weldability o ka metala kumu ʻo ia kona mau waiwai kino a me ka hoʻohui kemika.
Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kino: nā mea e like me ka melting point, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, density, heat capacity a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka metala i ka hopena i nā kaʻina hana e like me ke kaʻina wela, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka crystallization, ka hoʻololi ʻana, etc. , e pili ana i ka weldability.ʻO nā mea me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ke kila kuhiliʻole he nui nā gradients wela, ke koʻikoʻi koena kiʻekiʻe, a me ka deformation nui i ka wā wili.Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ulu nā hua i loko o ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka hana hui.Austenitic kuhiliʻole kila he nui laina hoʻonui coefficient a koʻikoʻi hui deformation a me ke kaumaha.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui kemika, ʻo ka mea koʻikoʻi loa he kalapona, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoholo ai ka ʻike kalapona o ka metala i kona weldability.ʻAʻole kūpono ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou hopena ma mua o ke kalapona.E like me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kalapona i loko o ke kila, piʻi ka manaʻo paʻakikī, hoʻemi ka plasticity, a hiki ke hana ʻia nā māwae kuʻi.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka naʻau o nā mea metala i nā māwae i ka wā welding a me nā loli i nā waiwai mechanical o ka ʻāpana hui welded e like me nā hōʻailona nui e loiloi i ka weldability o nā mea.No laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka weldability.ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a me ke kila kila haʻahaʻa me ka ʻona kalapona ma lalo o 0.25% he maikaʻi loa ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ka hopena, a maikaʻi loa ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o nā hui welded ma hope o ka wili.ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa preheating a me ka post-weld wela i ka wā welding, a maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana kuʻi, no laila ua maikaʻi ka weldability.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka holo ʻana, ke kūlana mālama wela, ke kūlana hoʻonohonoho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke kila e pili ana i ka weldability i nā pae like ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka weldability o ke kila ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kīʻaha a me nā kaʻina hana ʻōwili.
Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā mea welding i kahi ʻano o nā hopena metallurgical kemika i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana wili, e hoʻoholo ai i ka haku mele ʻana, ka hoʻolālā, nā waiwai a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka metala weld.Inā koho pono ʻole ʻia nā mea welding a ʻaʻole i kūlike i ka metala kumu, ʻaʻole wale e loaʻa kahi hui e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, akā e hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hemahema e like me nā māwae a me nā hoʻololi o nā waiwai.No laila, ʻo ka koho kūpono o nā mea wili he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hui welded kiʻekiʻe.
2. Nā kumu hana
ʻO nā mea kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā ʻano kuʻi, nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana kuʻi, ke kaʻina kuʻi, preheating, post-weld and post-weld heat treatment, etc. ʻO ke ʻano kuʻi ʻana he mana nui i ka weldability, ka nui ma nā ʻano ʻelua: nā ʻano kumu wela a me nā kūlana pale.
He ʻokoʻa loa nā kumu wela o nā ʻano kuʻi ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka mana, ka nui o ka ikehu, ka wela wela loa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.No ka laʻana, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka mana o ka welding electroslag, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka wela wela.He lohi ka hoʻomehana i ka wā wili, a he lōʻihi ka manawa noho o ka mahana wela, e hopena i nā huaʻai koʻikoʻi i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka wela a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia.E hoʻomaikaʻi.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka welding electron beam, ka welding laser a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā kiʻekiʻe ka ikehu a me ka hoʻomehana wikiwiki.He pōkole ka manawa noho kiʻekiʻe, haiki loa ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana welding a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka preheating, postheating, multi-layer welding a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana interlayer hiki ke hoʻoponopono a hoʻomalu i ka pōʻai wela welding, a laila hoʻololi i ka weldability o ka metala.Inā lawe ʻia nā ana e like me ka preheating ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama wela ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hiki loa ke loaʻa i nā hui welded me ka ʻole o nā hemahema i kūpono i nā koi hana.
3. Nā kumu hana
ʻO ka mea nui e pili ana i ke ʻano hoʻolālā o ka hoʻolālā welded a me nā hui welded, e like me ka hopena o nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ka nui, ka mānoanoa, ke ʻano o ka awelika hui, ka hoʻolālā weld a me kona ʻano cross-sectional ma ka weldability.Hōʻike nui ʻia kona mana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka wela a me ke kūlana o ka ikaika.ʻOkoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka pā, nā ʻano hui like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻāwī he ʻokoʻa nā kuhikuhi o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela a me nā uku, e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻaoʻao crystallization a me ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.ʻO ka hoʻololi hoʻololi, ka mānoanoa o ka pā a me ka hoʻonohonoho weld e hoʻoholo i ka ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke kāohi ʻana o ka hui, e pili ana i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka hui.ʻO ka morphology kristal maikaʻi ʻole, ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi welding koʻikoʻi nā kumu kumu no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā māwae.I ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻoʻoleʻa hui, hōʻemi i nā welds keʻa, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumu like ʻole e hoʻoulu ai i ke koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia nā mea nui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka weldability.
4. Nā kūlana hoʻohana
E pili ana i ka mahana hana, nā kūlana ukana a me ke ʻano hana i ka wā lawelawe o ka hale welded.Pono kēia mau kaiapuni hana a me nā kūlana hana i nā hale welded e loaʻa ka hana kūpono.No ka laʻana, pono e loaʻa i nā hale welded e hana ana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa;ʻO nā hale e hana ana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e pono ke kūpaʻa i nā kolo;ʻO nā hale e hana ana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa ʻokoʻa pono e loaʻa i ka luhi luhi maikaʻi;nā hale hana i loko o ka waikawa, alkali a i ʻole ka paʻakai paʻakai ʻO ka pahu welded pono e loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa corrosion kiʻekiʻe a pēlā aku.I ka pōkole, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana hoʻohana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi o ka maikaʻi no nā hui welded, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka weldability o ka mea.
ʻIke a me ka loiloi loiloi o ka weldability o nā mea metala
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, ke hana nei ka huahana i nā kaʻina wela welding, nā hopena metallurgical, a me ke koʻikoʻi welding a me ka deformation, ka hopena o nā loli i ka haku mele, ka nui a me ke ʻano, e hana ana i ka hana o ka hui welded pinepine ʻokoʻa mai kēlā o ka mea kumu, i kekahi manawa ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻohana.No ka nui o nā metala reactive a i ʻole refractory, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano wili kūikawā e like me ka welding electron beam a i ʻole ka welding laser no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hui kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakikī e pono ai e hana i kahi hui welded maikaʻi mai kahi mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka weldability o ka mea;ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā paʻakikī a pipiʻi nā ʻano kuʻi, nā mea wili kūikawā a me nā ana kaʻina e koi ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea ʻilihune ka weldability.
I ka hana ʻana i nā huahana, pono e loiloi mua ʻia ka weldability o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono nā mea i koho ʻia, nā mea welding, a me nā ʻano welding.Nui nā ʻano e loiloi i ka weldability o nā mea.Hiki i kēlā me kēia ala ke wehewehe i kekahi ʻano o ka weldability.No laila, pono nā ho'āʻo e hoʻoholo piha i ka weldability.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hoʻokolohua i ke ʻano simulation a me ke ʻano hoʻokolohua.Hoʻohālikelike ka mea mua i nā ʻano wela a me ka hoʻoluʻu o ka welding;nā ho'āʻo hope e like me nā kūlana kuʻi maoli.ʻO ka ʻike hoʻāʻo ka mea nui e ʻike i ka haku mele mele, ka hana metallographic, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka hele ʻana a i ʻole ka nele o nā hemahema welding o ka metala kumu a me ka weld metal, a e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, a māwae kūʻē o ka hui welded.
Nā hiʻohiʻona wiliwili o nā mea metala maʻamau
1. Kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kalapona
(1) Kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa
ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa he haʻahaʻa kalapona haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa manganese a me ka ʻike silika.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hale ma muli o ke kuʻi ʻana.He maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano kila a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o kāna mau hui welded.ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka preheating a me ka postheating i ka wā wili, a ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā kaʻina hana kūikawā no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hui welded me ka maikaʻi.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana kuʻilima haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻo ke kila me ka maikaʻi o ka hana kuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā kila a pau..
(2) Kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kalapona waena
ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke kalapona kalapona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona weldability ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa.Ke kokoke ʻo CE i ka palena haʻahaʻa (0.25%), maikaʻi ka weldability.Ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻike kalapona, piʻi ka manaʻo paʻakikī, a ua maʻalahi ka hana martensite haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ka ʻāpana wela.Ke paʻa ʻole ka weldment a i ʻole ke koho pono ʻia ʻana o nā mea wili a me nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana, hiki mai paha nā māwae anu.I ka wā e wili ai i ka papa mua o ka welding multi-layer, ma muli o ka hapa nui o ka metala kumu i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka weld, hoʻonui ka ʻike kalapona, ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus, e maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā māwae wela.Eia kekahi, piʻi aʻe ka naʻau o ka stomata ke kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike kalapona.
(3) Kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe me ka CE ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.6% he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hana i ka martensite kalapona kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī.Hiki mai nā māwae i loko o nā welds a me nā ʻāpana wela, e paʻakikī ai ka wili.No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kila no ka hana ʻana i nā hale welded, akā hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ʻāpana me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hapa nui o kā lākou wiliwili ʻana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻino.Pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wili e hōʻemi i nā māwae wili, a laila mālama hou ʻia ka wela ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
2. Welding o haahaa alloy kiʻekiʻe ikaika kila
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kalapona kalapona o ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa ma mua o 0.20%, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻaʻole ma mua o 5%.No ka mea, aia ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ʻokoʻa ana kāna hana kuʻi ʻana mai ke kila kalapona.ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona e like me kēia:
(1) Welding māwae ma welded ami
Loaʻa i ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe C, Mn, V, Nb a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoikaika ai i ke kila, no laila e maʻalahi ka paʻakikī i ka wā wili.ʻO kēia mau hale paʻa i paʻa loa.No laila, inā nui ka rigidity a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koʻikoʻi kaohi, inā hiki ke hana maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻole kūpono ʻole i nā māwae anu.Eia kekahi, he lohi kēia ʻano māwae a he pōʻino loa.
Nā māwae Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou (SR) ʻO nā māwae hoʻomaʻamaʻa he mau māwae intergranular i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻiliʻili ma kahi kokoke i ka laina hui ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld a i ʻole ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.Manaʻo ʻia ma muli o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ka kuʻi ʻana e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo V, Nb, Cr, Mo a me nā carbide ʻē aʻe kokoke i ka HAZ i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka austenite.ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka wā hoʻomaha ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, akā hoʻopuehu a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā PWHT, pēlā e hoʻoikaika ai i ke ʻano aniani.I loko, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka deformation kolo i ka wā hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi ma nā palena o ka palaoa.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā māwae, e like me 16MnR, 15MnVR, etc. Eia naʻe, no ka Mn-Mo-Nb a me Mn-Mo-V moʻo haʻahaʻa-alloy kiʻekiʻe ikaika, e like me 07MnCrMoVR, no ka mea, ʻo Nb, V, a me Mo nā mea i loaʻa ka naʻau ikaika i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia kēia ʻano kila ma ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld.Pono e mālama i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāpana wela o nā māwae hoʻomaʻamaʻa i mea e pale ai i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā māwae.
(2) Embrittlement a me ka palupalu o nā hui welded
ʻO ka embrittlement ʻelemakule Pono nā hui welded e hana i nā kaʻina hana anu like ʻole (ka ʻāʻā ʻana, ka ʻōwili pahu, etc.) ma mua o ka wili ʻana.Na ke kila e hoʻohua i ka plastic deformation.Inā hoʻomehana hou ʻia ka wahi i ka 200 a 450 ° C, e hiki mai ana ke kaumaha..ʻO ka embrittlement ʻelemakule e hōʻemi i ka plasticity o ke kila a hoʻonui i ka mahana hoʻololi brittle, e hopena i ka haki ʻana o nā mea hana.Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld ke hoʻopau i ke kaumaha o ka ʻelemakule o ka hale welded a hoʻihoʻi i ka paʻakikī.
Embrittlement o nā welds a me nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela ʻO ka weld he hana hoʻomehana ʻole a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, e hopena i kahi ʻano like ʻole.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela hoʻololi o ka weld (WM) a me ka wahi wela (HAZ) ma mua o ka metala kumu a ʻo ia ka loulou nāwaliwali o ka hui.He hopena koʻikoʻi ka ikaika o ka laina kuʻi ʻana i nā waiwai o ke kila kiʻekiʻe ikaika WM a me HAZ.He mea maʻalahi ka paʻakikī o ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe.Inā liʻiliʻi ka ikehu laina, e ʻike ʻia ka martensite ma HAZ a hana i nā māwae.Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu laina, e lilo nā hua o WM a me HAZ i mea koʻikoʻi.E lilo ana ka ami i mea palupalu.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila wela a me ke kila maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ke kila wela i ka HAZ embrittlement ma muli o ka nui o ka ikehu laina.No laila, i ka wā e wili ai, pono e kaupalena ʻia ka ikehu laina i kahi ākea.
ʻO ka palupalu o ka ʻāpana wela o nā hui welded Ma muli o ka hana o ka welding wela, ʻo ka waho o ka wela wela (HAZ) o ka haʻahaʻa-carbon kinai ʻia a me ke kila wela ua wela ma luna o ka mahana wela, ʻoi loa ka wahi kokoke i Ac1. ka mea e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻāpana palupalu me ka ikaika hoʻemi.Hoʻonui ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻāpana HAZ me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu laina kuʻi a me ka wela preheating, akā ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika tensile i loko o ka wahi palupalu ma mua o ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka waiwai maʻamau o ka metala kumu. o kēia ʻano kila e palupalu I ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻole e pili ka pilikia i ka hana o ka hui.
3. Kuʻiʻana o ke kila kuhiliʻole
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e like me kona mau ʻano kila like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kila kuhiliʻole austenitic, ke kila kila ferritic, ke kila kila martensitic, a me ke kila austenitic-ferritic duplex.ʻO ka mea aʻe e nānā nui i nā ʻano kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kuhili ʻole austenitic a me ke kila kila ʻole bidirectional.
(1) Kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kuhili ʻole austenitic
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kila kila Austenitic e wili ma mua o nā kila kila ʻē aʻe.ʻAʻole e hoʻololi ʻia ka māhele ma kēlā me kēia mahana a ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hydrogen embrittlement.ʻO ke austenitic stainless steel hui pū kekahi i ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī i ka moku'āina welded.ʻO nā pilikia nui o ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ka: welding heat cracking, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion a me stress corrosion, etc. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka thermal conductivity a me ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka laina, nui ke kaumaha a me ka deformation.I ka wā e wili ai, pono e liʻiliʻi ka hoʻokomo wela wela, a ʻaʻohe preheating, a e hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana interlayer.Pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana interlayer ma lalo o 60 ° C, a e hoʻopololei ʻia nā hui weld.No ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela,ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui nuiʻia ka wikiwiki o ka welding, akā pono e hoʻemi ponoʻia ka manawa welding.
(2) Ka wiliwili ʻana o austenitic-ferritic ʻelua ʻaoʻao kila kila
ʻO Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel he duplex stainless steel i haku ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana: austenite a me ferrite.Hoʻohui ia i nā mea maikaʻi o ke kila austenitic a me ke kila ferritic, no laila he mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi a me ka wili maʻalahi.I kēia manawa, ʻekolu mau ʻano nui o ke kila stainless steel: Cr18, Cr21, a me Cr25.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻano wili kila: ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka austenitic stainless steel;embrittlement haʻahaʻa ma hope o ka kuʻi ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ferritic stainless steel maʻemaʻe, a me ka degere o ka ferrite coarsening i loko o ka welding wela i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka weldability.
No ka mea he mau waiwai wili maikaʻi kēia ʻano kila, ʻaʻole pono ka preheating a me ka postheating i ka wā welding.Pono e wili ʻia nā pā lahilahi e ka TIG, a hiki ke wili ʻia nā papa waena a me ka mānoanoa e ka wili arc.I ka wā e wiliwili ai me ka arc welding, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā koʻokoʻo wiliwili kūikawā me ke ʻano like me ka metala kumu a i ʻole austenitic welding rod me ka haʻahaʻa carbon content.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā electrodes i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Nickel no ke kila pālua ʻelua ʻano Cr25.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ferrite i nā ʻāpana lua, a ʻo nā ʻano embrittlement inherent o nā kila ferritic, e like me ka brittleness ma 475 ° C, σ phase precipitation embrittlement a me nā kumulāʻau coarse, aia wale nō ma muli o ke alo o austenite.Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi kōkua ma o ka hopena kaulike, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka wā wili.Ke kuʻihao Ni-noa a haʻahaʻa-Ni duplex kuhiliʻole kila, aia no ka hoʻokahi-phase ferrite a me ka palaoa coarsening i loko o ka wela-pili wahi.I kēia manawa, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela welding, a e hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i ka manawa liʻiliʻi, kiʻekiʻe wili wikiwiki, a me ka wili awelika.A me multi-pass welding e pale ai i ka palaoa coarsening a me ka ferriteization hoʻokahi-phase ma ka wahi wela.ʻAʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana waena.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka weld i ka pass aʻe ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-11-2023